Thursday, 3 May 2012



Singularity University: meet the people who are building our future

Peter Diamandis, Singularity University co-founder

Space cadet? Peter Diamandis, co-founder of the Singularity University. Photograph: Andrew Brusso/ Andrew Brusso/Corbis

It's day one at the Singularity University: the opening address has just been delivered by a hologram. Craig Venter, who was one of the first scientists to sequence the human genome and created the first synthetic life form, is up next. And later, we will see two people, paralysed from the waist down, use robotic exoskeletons to rise up and walk.
But first, the co-founder of the Singularity University, Peter Diamandis, gives us our instructions for the day. Your task, he says, is to pick one of the "grand challenges of humanity" – the lack of clean drinking water, say. And then come up with an idea that "can positively impact the lives of a billion people".
It's 9.30 in the morning. Some of us haven't even had coffee yet. There's about 50 of us present and the room has been divided up into tables, one for education, another for poverty, another for water, and I'm not sure where I should sit. Diane Murphy, the university's PR executive, hesitates for a moment and then directs me over to the table marked "food". "Tell you what," she says. "Why don't you take Ashton Kutcher's chair over there. He's not coming until later." (When he does arrive, he pulls up a chair at the next table over. What can I say? If Ashton Kutcher fails to solve global hunger, it will be my fault.)
The Singularity University is really not much like a regular university. And not just because it's a place that manages to accommodate the likes of both Venter and Kutcher (and where, during a Q&A session, somebody asks a question about taking the Singularity University into the ghetto, and it turns out to be from the musician will.i.am).
Its courses aren't accredited, and it has no undergraduates. Stanford University might have been the cradle for a hundred Silicon Valley startups and the hothouse for some of its greatest technical innovations, but the Singularity University is an institution that has been made in the valley's own image: highly networked, fuelled by a cocktail of philanthro-capitalism and endowed with an almost mystical sense of its own destiny.
It is both Silicon Valley's elite future thinktank and its global outreach arm: Google and Microsoft both came to the founding conference and gave money, Nasa provided the campus space, and emblazoned across the website is a quote from Google's co-founder, Larry Page: "If I was a student," he says, "this is where I'd want to be." Its aim is "to assemble, educate and inspire a new generation of leaders who strive to understand and utilise exponentially advancing technologies to address humanity's grand challenges".
So, no pressure then. Although, of course, the easiest thing would simply to be British about all this and scoff. Ashton Kutcher! (I read later that he's been cast to play Steve Jobs in a forthcoming film and slightly suspect that he thinks he might actually be Steve Jobs.) A billion people! It's the kind of thing you can imagine someone in a white coat writing down as evidence just before they decide to commit you. What's more, Diamandis is the kind of can-do entrepreneur that, as a nation, we're inclined to lampoon and shun. (He's good friends with Richard Branson.)
The only problem with this as a strategy is that half the people in the room actually have done things which have had a positive impact on a billion people. Or, in some cases, more. Not just Venter, who has flown in on his private jet; there's also Vint Cerf, who is considered one of the fathers of the internet – he worked on Arpanet, the internet's predecessor – and is now "chief internet evangelist" at Google. AndSebastian Thrun, the man behind one of Google's latest and potentially most disruptive technologies yet, the self-driving car. He's also the head of the top-secret Google X lab, part of the firm that most employees didn't even know existed until the New York Times ran a piece on it last November.
http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/lookout/college-student-claims-left-cell-five-days-without-153200359.html;_ylt=Aj94JHUXSBXTn.9QPbKl7gm1qHQA;_ylu=X3oDMTQwNDRianM4BG1pdANNb3N0UG9wdWxhciBMaXN0aW5nBHBrZwNhNTRmZDdlNC1jOTNkLTM5MTItOWIwNC05ZWZhY2ZhNmZkMDMEcG9zAzIEc2VjA01vc3QgUG9wdWxhcgR2ZXIDOWM5MGFhNzAtOTQ5NS0xMWUxLWE5ZmYtODA3YzE5N2JkMTZm;_ylg=X3oDMTFlamZvM2ZlBGludGwDdXMEbGFuZwNlbi11cwRwc3RhaWQDBHBzdGNhdAMEcHQDc2VjdGlvbnM-;_ylv=3

Abundance: The Future is Better than You Think.



Peter H. Diamandis, co-author of Abundance and co-founder of Singularity University, thinks that our brains are not wired to understand exponential change.   We have evolved to think arithmetically rather than exponentially, and therefore have a hard time wrapping our heads around the implications of Moore's law type performance/cost improvements of digital technologies. 

We should not limit our thinking about exponential performance-to-cost improvements to transistors. Exponential improvements have characterized network bandwidth (Butters' law), and computer storage / per dollar (Kryder's law). A computer of 1982 is 100 times heavier, 500 times larger, 10 times as expensive and 1/100th as powerful as the smart phone in your pocket.

The authors of Abundance ask if exponential technological improvements will translate into a commensurate exponential increase in our standards of living? Can the story of the computer be replicated in medicine, agriculture, and perhaps even education? The answer depends on the extent to which these economic activities take on the characteristics and designs of digital technologies.

It is hard not to finish Abundance with the belief that our children will enjoy abundant energy (as renewable power technology follows the exponential performance/cost curve) and dramatic improvements in health and lifespan (as medical technologies miniaturize and become implanted in our bodies).

You and I may have plenty of arguments with Kotler and Diamandis. The power of digital technologies may be impressive, but digital technologies do not address the fundamental problems of environmental degradation, political repression, or structural inequality.  An iPhone will not solve water shortages, endemic infectious diseases, or the absence of the rule of law.

None of these complaints, however, should stop you from reading and enjoying Abundance.  
Our day-to-day work and personal lives are characterized by resource constraints. We live without the time to do everything we need to do, and the dollars to invest properly for what is next. A book like Abundance gets us out of what is immediately before our eyes, and gives us a framework to think about where we may go in the future.  
If we can figure out how to align our work with those of digital goods, and therefore reap the benefits of exponential cost and performance improvements, we might just figure out how to move our industries (even higher ed) from scarcity to abundance.

Read more: 
http://www.abundancethebook.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Abundance_Chapter_1_Sneak_Preview2.pdf?139d23

Tuesday, 1 May 2012


Billionaire to Build New Titanic for 2016


Australian real estate billionaire Clive Palmer announced that he's planning to build a replica of the Titanic and have it ready for its maiden voyage in late 2016. It will  sail from England to New York, the same path the first Titanic was taking.



"It will be every bit as luxurious as the original Titanic, but will have state-of-the-art 21st-century technology and the latest navigation and safety systems," Palmer said in a statement. He called the project "a tribute to the spirit of the men and women who worked on the original Titanic."


Palmer is to include all modern technology, but will still make it look like the original design. For example: Despite being diesel-powered, the new ship will still have four smoke stacks, like the coal-powered original, but they will be purely decorative.



Saturday, 28 April 2012


Metamaterials step into the light


fishnet_metamaterial
Scientists in England and Valencia, Spain, have constructed what may be the first practicalmetamaterial that manipulates visible light.
The researchers predict it could be used for subpicosecond (less than a trillionth of a second) optical switches and finely controlled laser pulses. The layered structure, in contrast to the makeup of earlier… [ IEEE Spectrum ]

Transparent graphene-based material could revolutionize wearable electronics, solar panels

April 28, 2012
GraphExeter, the most transparent, lightweight and flexible material ever for conducting electricity, has been invented by a team from the University of Exeter.
It could revolutionize the creation of wearable electronic devices, such as clothing containing computers, phones, and MP3 players, and smart mirrors or windows, adding computerized interactive features. Since this material is also…

Liquid solar cells that can be printed onto surfaces

April 27, 2012
The solar nanocrystals are about four nanometers in size and float them in a liquid solution, so “like…

New harvesting approach boosts energy output from bacteria

April 27, 2012
A novel energy system that increases the amount of energy harvested from microbial fuel cells (MFCs) by more than 70 times has been developed by University of Colorado Denver (CU Denver) scientists.
The new approach also greatly improves energy efficiency. MFCs are emerging as a way to use bacteria to directly harvest electricity from biodegradable…

Tuesday, 3 April 2012

How to create multiple frequencies of light simultaneously


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An artist's rendition of electron-hole recollision. Near-infrared (amber rods) and terahertz (yellow cones) radiation interact with a semiconductor quantum well (tiles). The near-IR radiation creates excitons (green tiles) consisting of a negative electron and a positive hole (dark blue tile at center of green tiles) bound in an atom-like state. Intense terahertz fields pull the electrons (white tiles) first away from the hole and then back towards it (electron paths represented by blue ellipses). Electrons periodically recollide with holes, creating periodic flashes of light (white disks between amber rods) that are emitted and detected as sidebands. (Credit: Peter Allen, UCSB)

By aiming high- and low-frequency laser beams at a semiconductor, physicists at UC Santa Barbara have produced multiple frequencies of light simultaneously, with the potential to significantly increase the speed of data communication.

They did that by causing electrons to be ripped from their cores, accelerated, and then smashed back into the cores they left behind.

When the high-frequency optical laser beam hits the semiconductor material — in this case, gallium arsenide nanostructures — it creates an electron-hole pair called an exciton. The electron is negatively charged, and the hole is positively charged, and the two are bound together by their mutual attraction.

“The very strong, low-frequency free electron laser beam rips the electron away from the hole and accelerates it,” explained Mark Sherwin, whose research group made the groundbreaking discovery. Sherwin is a professor of physics at UCSB and a co-author of the paper. He is also director of the campus’s Institute for Terahertz Science and Technology.

“As the low-frequency field oscillates, it causes the electron to come careening back to the hole.” The electron has excess energy because it has been accelerated, and when it slams back into the hole, the recombined electron-hole pair emits photons at new frequencies — up to 11 in their experiment.

The electron-hole recollision phenomenon has the potential to significantly increase the speed of data transfer and communication processes. One possible application involves multiplexing — the ability to send data down multiple channels. Another is high-speed modulation.

The researchers utilize a free electron laser to produce the electron-hole recollisions, which they note is not practical for real-world applications.

Theoretically, however, a transistor could be used in place of the free electron laser to produce the strong terahertz fields.


Tuesday, 6 March 2012

The Future of Manufacturing

manufacturing

Manufacturing has a key role to play in economic growth, particularly in driving exports and productivity, and in rebalancing the UK economy. It also brings a number of other benefits to the UK in terms of societal value and contribution to national resilience.

The nature of manufacturing and its role in the UK and global economies is going through a period of change.

As with a number of developed economies, the manufacturing share of the UK economy has declined, from 22% of GDP in 1990 to around 10% today. New industries and technologies are emerging. There is increased competition and changing demand for products and services.

The Future of Manufacturing project will provide a timely and fresh look at the long-term picture for the manufacturing sector out to 2050, investigating global trends and drivers of change.

Leading experts

The project calls on industry and academic expertise from the UK and abroad to explore how the UK can maximise key opportunities and mitigate risks. In doing so, it will provide a robust evidence base to help ensure that policy decisions taken today are resilient in an uncertain future.

The Government Office for Science Foresight programme leads the project, under the direction of the Government Chief Scientific Adviser, Professor Sir John Beddington. Vince Cable, Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills, is the project sponsor Minister.

A Lead Expert Group (LEG) of eminent academic and private sector experts from a range of disciplines works alongside the Foresight team to help guide the project and secure a strong evidence base. A High Level Stakeholder Group (HLSG), chaired by Vince Cable, will advise on the strategic direction and impact. Find out more about the LEG. Members of the HLSG will be announced in early 2012.

The project’s fresh thinking, innovative evidence base and futures analysis will help inform policy makers in the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills and a range of other relevant departments throughout the project and beyond.




Technology and Innovation Futures: Growth Opportunities for the 2020s

Technology and Innovation Futures (PDF, 824 Kb) is a forward look at a range of developments which have the potential over the next 20 years to support sustained economic growth in the UK. As the UK comes out of the economic downturn, it seems likely that future economic prosperity will derive in large part from seizing opportunities offered by technologies such as these.

The report concludes that there are strong opportunities for growth in the UK economy through the 2020s if businesses can harness scientific and industrial capabilities to take advantage of technology developments and identifies three potential areas of growth which could be transformative: manufacturing, infrastructure and the internet.

Other areas highlighted by the report are the energy transition which the UK will undergo during the next 10-20 years, the UK’s R&D efforts in new materials which could help realise the move to a low carbon economy, the potential of the market for regenerative medicine and the increasing importance of intellectual property - all of which offer opportunities for UK companies.

The evidence base used in the TIF project was gathered by deskwork, interviews with 25 leading figures from research and business, and five workshops involving 150 academics, industrialists, experts from the private sector and Government. The workshops used a range of futures techniques to provoke and structure discussions and the outputs of the workshops were considered and refined through further desk-work.

Click technology annex.

Sunday, 4 March 2012

programme this summer to evaluate open-rotor jet engines
GE and NASA to begin wind-tunnel test programme this summer to evaluate open-rotor jet engines | GE, CFM, open rotor engines, engines

The refurbished NASA test rig (photo: GE)
Following the refurbishment of a special test rig at NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio, engine manufacturer GE Aviation and NASA will begin wind-tunnel testing of counter-rotating fan-blade systems for open-rotor jet engine designs this summer. The open-rotor engine has been touted by both GE and rival Rolls-Royce as a possible next-generation engine for narrowbody aircraft because of its potential for substantial reductions in fuel consumption and emissions of CO2 and NOx. However, the prime challenge for them both is to arrest the significant increase in engine noise levels posed by the open design.
NASA’s test rig was actually used in the 1980s when NASA and GE first tested scale-model, counter-rotating fan systems that led to the development of the open-rotor GE36 engine. GE successfully ground-tested and flew an open-rotor jet engine – then called an unducted fan (UDF) – that demonstrated fuel savings of more than 30% compared to similar-sized, conventional engines. The design was prompted by a surge in the oil price at the time but was shelved once the price fell back.
Although a similar scenario has been repeated with the price of crude oil falling from a peak of nearly $150 per barrel to nearer $30 earlier this year, circumstances are different this time round. The price has now risen sharply back to around $70 and could go higher still once the global recession begins to play itself out and, as important, the environmental imperative is so much stronger now than it was over 20 years ago.
GE says it has dramatically advanced its computational aero-acoustic analysis tools since then to better understand and improve open-rotor systems. The manufacturer stresses the programme will not involve full engine testing but will be a component rig test to evaluate subscale fan systems.
GE and the Fundamental Aeronautics Program of NASA’s Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate in Washington are jointly funding the testing, with Snecma of France – GE’s partner in CFM International – participating with fan blade designs. For the NASA testing, which will essentially re-enact the 1980s tests, GE will run two rows of counter-rotating fan blades, with 12 blades in the front row and 10 blades in the back row.
As new and more exotic fan blade designs are run in the wind tunnel, GE and NASA say they will be able to better understand how these designs will perform in an actual operating environment.
“These tests will help to tell us how confident we are in meeting the technical challenges of an open-rotor architecture. It’s a journey driven by a need to sharply reduce fuel consumption in future aircraft,” said David Joyce, President of GE Aviation.
Open-rotor jet engine designs are among the longer-term technologies being evaluated for LEAP-X, CFM International’s technology programme focusing on future advances for next-generation CFM56 engines.
Boeing Successfully Flies Fuel Cell-Powered Airplane
test flight of a manned airplane powered by hydrogen fuel cells


test flight of a manned airplane powered by hydrogen fuel cells

Boeing announced that it has, for the first time in aviation history, flown a manned airplane powered by hydrogen fuel cells.

The recent milestone is the work of an engineering team at Boeing Research & Technology Europe (BR&TE) in Madrid, with assistance from industry partners in Austria, France, Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States.

"Boeing is actively working to develop new technologies for environmentally progressive aerospace products," said Francisco Escarti, BR&TE's managing director. "We are proud of our pioneering work during the past five years on the Fuel Cell Demonstrator Airplane project. It is a tangible example of how we are exploring future leaps in environmental performance, as well as a credit to the talents and innovative spirit of our team."

A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts hydrogen directly into electricity and heat with none of the products of combustion such as carbon dioxide. Other than heat, water is its only exhaust.

A two-seat Dimona motor-glider with a 16.3 meter (53.5 foot) wingspan was used as the airframe. Built by Diamond Aircraft Industries of Austria, it was modified by BR&TE to include a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell/lithium-ion battery hybrid system to power an electric motor coupled to a conventional propeller.

Three test flights took place in February and March at the airfield in Ocaña, south of Madrid, operated by the Spanish company SENASA.

During the flights, the pilot of the experimental airplane climbed to an altitude of 1,000 meters (3,300 feet) above sea level using a combination of battery power and power generated by hydrogen fuel cells. Then, after reaching the cruise altitude and disconnecting the batteries, the pilot flew straight and level at a cruising speed of 100 kilometers per hour (62 miles per hour) for approximately 20 minutes on power solely generated by the fuel cells.

According to Boeing researchers, PEM fuel cell technology potentially could power small manned and unmanned air vehicles. Over the longer term, solid oxide fuel cells could be applied to secondary power-generating systems, such as auxiliary power units for large commercial airplanes. Boeing does not envision that fuel cells will ever provide primary power for large passenger airplanes, but the company will continue to investigate their potential, as well as other sustainable alternative fuel and energy sources that improve environmental performance.

BR&TE, part of the Boeing Phantom Works advanced R&D unit, has worked closely with Boeing Commercial Airplanes and a network of partners since 2003 to design, assemble and fly the experimental craft.

The group of companies, universities and institutions participating in this project includes:

  • Austria -- Diamond Aircraft Industries
  • France -- SAFT France
  • Germany -- Gore and MT Propeller
  • Spain -- Adventia, Aerlyper, Air Liquide Spain, Indra, Ingeniería de Instrumentación y Control (IIC), Inventia, SENASA, Swagelok, Técnicas Aeronauticas de Madrid (TAM), Tecnobit, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, and the Regional Government of Madrid
  • United Kingdom -- Intelligent Energy
  • United States -- UQM Technologies.